Getting the Most from your Digital Cameras
For Beginners
This third article in this series focuses on Single Lens Reflex (or SLR) photography. Previously we learned about the functions and features of smaller, less versatile cameras. The unique viewing system of SLR cameras allows the user to see through the lens and compose a photograph accurately. With SLR cameras you have greater creative control of your photos than with point-and-shoot varieties (both digital and 35mm).
I do not wish to make this a technical article, so if you're interested in how a SLR camera works, please grab a photography book off the library shelf or search the internet to find diagrams and descriptions. Click here to view diagrams of the inner-workings of a camera.
I must confess that I am not an expert in SLR cameras. While I'm not new to the world of photography, I'm still learning new things about what my SLR can do. That said, I do feel comfortable in encouraging beginners and know the basic equipment you need to start shooting SLR photography and giving good beginner's advice.
The first and most important thing I can suggest is this: Be a good student and read the camera manual and some additional books as they relate to your needs. Most likely, it will take you numerous visits to your camera manual and books before you feel comfortable with your new camera and get most of the important information.
When you purchase a SLR camera, you are purchasing a system. Most SLR cameras have interchangeable lenses and offer many add-on accessories. Currently, the most respected SLR systems for the average photographer are Canon and Nikon. When you are researching systems, make sure you are getting a camera body that will accept many add-ons.
There are some manufacturers that have a nice price for their camera compared to the “big names” but many do not offer versatility in lenses, flashes and other accessories. You will also want to make the decision of whether you want a 35mm film camera or a digital. There are advantages and draw-backs of each which will impact your final decision.
 Take a look at this photograph. I've put together a beginner's set-up.
- The camera body with a basic all-purpose lens (often a 50mm, f1.4 lens)
- Your camera manuals and other related books
- Film
- A sturdy tripod
- An additional lens - the one shown is a zoom lens
- An External Flash unit.
In addition, if you often find yourself shooting in natural light or portrait situations, you should also consider purchasing a light meter.
As I have in the previous two articles, I must once again show how to hold your camera. The SLR camera is considerably heavier than compact cameras and requires additional care in holding it steady. Please reference the two photos shown here. To correctly hold the camera, keep your elbows in towards your body and use your left hand to brace the underside of the camera body and lens. In this position, the fingers of your left hand are free to move both the aperture and focus rings. For low-light and other long-exposure shots, place the camera on a tripod or brace on a firm surface. (con't. . )
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Most SLR cameras allow you to use the camera in complete automatic-mode, manual-mode and just about every combination in-between. For absolute, complete creative control, you should operate in manual mode. You will make every decision regarding the aperture, shutter speed, flash type, focal length and focusing. Many photographers however, operate in either Aperture (A) mode or Shutter (S) mode. That allows you to select one setting as it relates to your surroundings and subject, but the camera does the other calculations for you.
I took a series of photos in both “A ” mode and “S” mode to illustrate how much you can control your outcome. In the first two photos, my Nikon N70 was in Aperture Mode. In “A” mode, you control the depth-of-field. This relates to how much of your composition is in focus according to how far away it is from the camera (depth). The first photo was taken at f22. Notice that both my son and the snowy trees in the background are in focus. The Aperture at f22 creates a large depth of field. This is much like the result I could obtain with any of my compact cameras.
The second photo was tak en at f4. At that setting the aperture is open wide and the depth of focus is only a couple of feet deep. The result is a wonderfully blurred background and allows your eyes to be drawn to my son - the true subject.
These next two photos showcase what can be done in “S” mode. In this mode, you control how fast the shutter moves. You want to use this mode when you are shooting movement. There will be times when you want to stop action and you should use a fast shutter speed. Other times it's creative to show movement.
In thes e two photos I had my son turn around in a circle. The first one shows a clear image of both him and the background. I shot that one at a fast shutter speed of 1/1000 of a second. My camera will actually go much faster, but I was unable to get any shots at higher speeds in which my son was actually in the entire picture. (That's when I wish my SLR camera were digital and not film!)
The second photo shows both my son's face and the movement of him turning around in a circle. Notice that the background is still in focus since it was not moving. The shutter speed of this shot was much slower at 1/8 of a second. In retrospect, I should have played with my flash options to get a good final image of his face instead of firing the flash at the beginning of that time. Perhaps that should be for a future article. There are so many fun and creative ways to use your SLR camera. I feel like I've only just skimmed the surface. Let me sum up by saying that if you want to take snapshots, you can use just about any camera you desire. If you want to take photographs, you should consider an SLR system. It's not an “easy learn”, but the results are definitely worth the effort.
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Karen Thaemert
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